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The town of Paphos, or Baf for Turkish Cypriots, is located on the southwest coast of Cyprus, almost fifty-five kilometers west of Limassol. Paphos is divided into two main sectors, Kato (Lower) Paphos, which is comprised of the harbor area with hotels, restaurants and residences, and Pano (Upper) Paphos, known as Ktima to Greek Cypriots and Kasaba to Turkish Cypriots. In the founding myth, the town's name is linked to the goddess, as the eponymous Paphos was the son of Pygmalion and his ivory cult image of Aphrodite, which was brought to life by the Goddess as "milk-white" Galatea. Turkish Cypriots have called the town Baf, a slightly corrupted version of Paphos, since the Ottoman period. Kasaba, on the other hand, means “small town” in Turkish.
Historical Population:
According to the Ottoman census of 1831, 77% of the male population of Paphos (excluding Kato Paphos) was Muslim. However, this percentage changed in 1891, when in this year’s census, Muslims constituted only 55% of the population of the new Paphos (including Kato Paphos) municipality. This percentage further dropped to 49.9% in 1901, allowing Greek Cypriots to comprise the majority. The Turkish Cypriot portion of the population continued to decline throughout the first half of the century, gradually dropping from 55% in 1891 to 31% in 1960.
Displacement:
No one was displaced during the emergency years of the late 1950s. However, in February and March 1964, substantial numbers of people were displaced during major battles that took place in the town. According to Richard Patrick, the fighting uprooted 900 Turkish Cypriots of Paphos, who were displaced into the small Turkish Cypriot quarter called Moutallos. This figure represents 30% of the total Turkish Cypriot population of the town at the time. During this same period Moutallos also became a reception center for displaced Turkish Cypriots from the nearby villages of Acheleia(282) and Geroskipou/Yeroşibu(306). In 1971, Richard Patrick noted that apart from Moutallos, much of the Turkish quarter was vacated and stood in ruins. He claimed that almost 20% of the Turkish quarter’s population of 3,500 was comprised of internally displaced persons.
On 20 July 1974, in response to the Turkish military offensive in the north, fierce fighting began in and around the Turkish quarter of the town. The quarter was attacked from all sides, and Turkish Cypriot Fighters returned fire. After twenty-four hours and many casualties, the Turkish Cypriot Fighters surrendered, and all men of fighting age were taken as prisoners of war. Almost 500 men were held for 66 days, first in Paphos stadium and then in a POW camp in Geroskipou(306), before the prisoner exchange in which the men were released and sent to the north. While the men were being held hostage, their families attempted to escape to the north either by purchasing transit—an often dangerous enterprise—or by taking refuge in the Akrotiri British Sovereign Base Area. On 7 September 1975, those who had stayed in Paphos were finally sent to the north under UNFICYP escort. Most of the Turkish Cypriot displaced persons from Paphos later settled in Morphou/Güzelyurt(072) and vicinity, although many also were resettled in the Famagusta(140) area, especially Varosha. The total number of the Turkish Cypriot displaced persons from Paphos in 1975 was approximately 3,000 (2,851 in the 1960 Cypriot census).
Current Inhabitants: After the departure of the Turkish Cypriots, many displaced Greek Cypriots arriving from the north settled in the Turkish quarter of Ktima. Recently, due to the property boom and increase in tourism, many third-country citizens have also settled in Paphos. The 2001 census put the total population of the town at 26,530.
REFERENCES
Books and Reports:
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Colonial Office (1893), “Cyprus: Report on the census of Cyprus, taken 6th April 1891,” Mediterranean, No. 39. London: Colonial Office.
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Department of Statitstics and Research, 1997. Estimates of Turkish Cypriots and Settlers from Turkey, Ministry of Finance [Republic of Cyprus], Nicosia.
- Fehmi, Hasan (2003), “Güney’de Kalan Değerlerimiz,” Lefkoşa (Nicosia): Özyay Matbaacılık.
- Fellahoğlu, Esat (2010), “Ulusal Direnişte Baf Köyleri,” İstanbul: Bayrak Matbaacılık.
- Giray, Halil: KKTC Yerleşim Birimleri, Yürürlükteki ve Eski İsimler Listesi KKTC İskân Bakanlığı : KKTC Coğrafi İsimler Kataloğu : (Cilt – I and II), Lefkoşa.
- Goodwin, Jack C. (1984), “An Historical Toponymy of Cyprus (Forth edition),” Nicosia (copy number 6).
- Hart-Davis, C. H (1922), “Report and general abstracts of the census of 1921, taken on the 24th April, 1921,” London: Waterlow & Sons.
- Hart-Davis, C. H (1932), “Report of the Census of 1931,” Nicosia: Cyprus Government Printing Office.
- Hatay, Mete, (2005). “Beyond Numbers: An Inquiery into the Political Integration of the Turkish ‘Settlers’ in Northern Cyprus,” PRIO/Cyprus Centre Report 4/2005, Nicosia/Oslo, PRIO.
- Hill, Sir George, (1952). A History of Cyprus, Vol. IV., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Ioannides, Christos P., 1991. “In Turkey’s Image: The Transformation of Occupied Cyprus into a Turkish Province,” Aristide D. Caratzas, New York.
- KKTC Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Örgütü Müsteşarlığı, “15 Aralık 1996 Genel Nüfus Sayımı Sonuçları (Özet), 26, November 1997,” Nicosia.
- Mavrogordato, Alexander (1901), “Report and general abstracts of the census of 1901, taken on the 1st April, 1901,” Nicosia: Government Printing Office.
- Mavrogordato, Alexander (1912), “Report and general abstracts of the census of 1911, taken on the 2nd April, 1911,” London: Waterlow & Sons.
- Menardos, Simos (2001), Τοπωνημικαι και Λαογραφικαι Μελεται (Topographical and Folkloric Studies), Nicosia: Centre for Scientific Studies
Perry, Frederic W., 1884. Report on the Census of Cyprus 1881, Eyre and Spottiswoode, London.
- Republic of Cyprus, 1961. “Census of Population and Agriculture, 1960: Volume I: Population by Location, Race, and Sex,” Nicosia
- TRNC 2006 census preliminary results can be found at: www.devplan.org
TRNC Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation Statistics and Research Department, Census of Population: Social and Economic Characteristics of Population, December 15, 1996, TRNC Prime Ministry, Nicosia, 1999.
- Standing Cypriot Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names (2007), “Οδηγος Τυποποιησης Ονοματων (Guide to Standardized Names),” Nicosia: Ministry of Education and Culture.
- Ministry of Finance (1973), “Micro-Census (April 1973) Population by Village and Ethnic Group, Volume I.” Nicosia: Department of Statistics and Research.
- Özad, Murat Hüsnü (2002), “Baf ve Mücadele Yılları,” Lefkoşa (Nicosia): Akdeniz Haber Ajansı Yayınları.
- Patrick, Richard (1976), “Political Geography and the Cyprus Conflict: 1963-1971,” Department of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo.
- Percival, D.A. (1949), “Census of population and agriculture 1946 report,” Nicosia: Cyprus Government Printing Office.
- Republic of Cyprus (1962), “Census of population and agriculture, 1960,” Nicosia: Government Printing Office.
- Republic of Cyprus (1984), “Census of population 1982,” Nicosia: Department of Statistics and Research, Ministry of Finance.
- Republic of Cyprus (2003), “Census of population 2001,” Nicosia: Department of Statistics and Research, Ministry of Finance.
- St John-Jones, L. W., 1983. “The Population of Cyprus: Demographic Trends and Socio-Economic Influences” (with a foreword by W. H. Morris-Jones), Maurice Temple, Smith Limited, London.
- T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2000), “Osmanlı İdaresinde Kıbrıs (Nüfus-Arazi Dağılımı ve Türk Vakıfları),” Ankara: Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı Yayın No: 43.
- Yorgancıoğlu, Oğuz: Kıbrıs’ta Türkçe Yer Adları ve Veriliş Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma Kıbrıs Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt : 2, Sayı : 3, Yıl : 96
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